Daily Health Advices

Posts Tagged ‘virus’

The sore throat is a fairly common nuisance causing us itching, burning and irritation when swallowing saliva. In most cases discomfort in the throat made worse by the morning and improve with the passage of days.

In the same way that some illnesses such as colds and flu, sore throat are due to a viral infection common, though often not regarded as a disease can be very painful and cause many problems.

There are different kinds of sore throats, each characteristic of a particular virus. Some virus develop blisters in the throat that cause pain when swallowing and a very strong itching.

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Herpes Zoster or (Zone) is an infectious disease caused by a virus that is found in the posterior root ganglia. It has long been established that the infectious factor responsible is the chickenpox virus (Goulon, 1966; Marey, 1977).

The primary invasion by the virus manifests itself in childhood and enters the nerves during the initial phase of chickenpox through sensory endings spreading along nerve trunks to the dorsal root ganglia. In the past the virus remains dormant being able to express distance of time, usually in terms of temporal decay of the state of the organism. The disease assumes a type poliradiculoneurótico with immunoallergic mechanism. There are several theories about the mechanism triggering immune (virus release by the immunogenic material, insertion of viral antigens in cell membranes, immune complex formation, direct action of the virus on the cell membrane) but currently it is still unclear what the immunoallergic actual mechanism. Read the rest of this entry »

Herpes is an infectious disease that is causing more damage. The origin of this disease is attributed to a tiny virus that is part of a large family of herpes.NIs the chicken pox, shingles, genital herpes, cold sores.

One of the most common types of herpes is genital herpes, where the victim usually but not always contract the virus by having sex with another victim of shingles.

The symptoms are severe: between three to seven days after contracting herpes, the infected are burning your genital area after fluid-filled blisters appear which causes pain. This situation lasts two to six weeks and then heal. Read the rest of this entry »

HIV is known for over 20 years. At that time HIV in the Netherlands only transmitted through blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal fluid. A screening takes place to ensure that safe blood and organs. Transfer of the HIV virus is only possible if the amount of virus that enters the blood directly is large enough.

If an infected child must incur a cut wound in the usual manner with standard first aid and hygiene measures are discussed. This method is effective in preventing transmission of all blood-borne infections, including HIV.

An infected child at school is no risk to staff or students. As said before: there is no case of HIV transmission at a Dutch school yet. There has never been a reported case of HIV transmission from child to child through biting, fighting, games or any other form of normal handling of children among themselves whatsoever.

Children who are injured or playing with injection material forms a major problem in the transfer of certain blood-borne viruses, but not with HIV. The success of needle exchange programs, the number of new HIV infections among intravenous drug users with low (Health Protection Agency and others, 2004). HIV can not go against oxygen and thus remains outside the body longer than a few minutes alive.

HIV is a sexually transmitted infection. Sexual and relationship education should provide students knowledge and skills which they can protect themselves from infection with the virus through unsafe sex.

The virion (particle infectivity) of HIV differs in structure from other retroviruses previously known. It is about 120 nm in diameter and is roughly spherical. Its genome is based physically in two  RNA copies (its sequence is as the corresponding messenger RNA) clothed by proteins, which form the nucleocapsid, and enclosed within a conical capsid, in turn surrounded by a shell of lipid bilayer , stolen first to the plasma membrane of the host cell, but endowed with self proteins. Inside the envelope there are enzymes in the virus, including a reverse transcriptase, an integrase – within the capsid – and a protease. The former is necessary for reverse transcription, DNA synthesis taking the viral RNA as template, and the second for the DNA so produced is integrated into the human genome became provirus.

The Centers for Disease Control CDC has reported that HIV has been isolated from blood, semen, saliva, tears, urine, Cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, breast milk , cervical secretions, and tissue of patients infected and non human primates experimentally infected  skin (especially when scratches, cuts, abrasions, dermatitis, or other injuries), mucous membranes of the eye, nose, mouth and possibly the respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and lungs) should be considered a potential route  for entry the virus.

Are also present, and in sufficient quantities in the Cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, pleural fluid, synovial, peritoneal and pericardial.

Since 1981, cases were detected striking infection Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly named Pneumocystis carinii), a fungus related to the original forms of the Ascomycetes, known to infect severely immunocompromised patients. Initially there was a group of similar cases in which gay men were involved and where time appeared to cytomegalovirus infection, and Candidiasis. First thought that the cause should be linked to common practices among male homosexual population.

He soon began to appear cases involving heterosexual male or female intravenous drug users and their children, and also between patients and healthy habits homosexuals who had received transfusions of whole blood or blood products by hemophiliacs condition. Soon it was thought, by epidemiological criteria basically, that the cause must be an infectious agent transmitted in a similar way as does the hepatitis B virus
HIV-1 virions assembled at the surface of a lymphocyte.

Several teams started to get a virus associated with known cases of acquired immunodeficiency, perhaps as a retrovirus known to be produced immunodeficiency cat or HTLV, producer of a type of leukemia. In 1983, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, a team dedicated to investigating the relationship between retroviruses and cancer led by JC Chermann, F. Barre-Sinoussi, and L. Montagnier found a candidate who called lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lymphadenopathy-associated virus, LAV).

In 1984 the team of R. Gallo, discoverer of HTLV, the only human retrovirus known then, confirmed the discovery, but calling the virus human T lymphotropic virus type III (human T-lymphotropic virus type III, with the acronym HTLV-III). There was a subsequent dispute over the priority in which it became clear that Gallo had described the virus only after receiving samples from the French. As part of resolving the conflict, the virus acquired its final name, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Castilian is expressed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

In the same year, 1983, which identified the virus, several teams began work on its genome sequence published in early 1985, and also began the characterization of proteins.

Infectious disease is caused by the entry into the body of a bacterium or virus. The first precaution is thus to “close the gates of entry”, namely:

• Respiratory system: cough or sneeze into a tissue in his elbow, or hands (by washing it immediately after) to avoid contaminating the environment, wear a face mask when you meet people vulnerable (for example in some areas of the community hospital, immunocompromised persons) or carriers of highly contagious viruses (eg SARS), for artificial ventilation, use an antibacterial filter.
• The digestive process: wash hands before eating or preparing a meal, or after exposure to body fluids (such as leaving the toilet) or disinfected when liquid from another person (eg accidental exposure to blood) for gloves (latex, or for people allergic to PVC or Nitrile) when such exposure is likely.
• Breaks the skin: any serious wound must be shown to a doctor who will tae the necessary measures and any simple wound must be cleaned, disinfected or better (see Article minor cuts and bruises), but the first caution of course is to avoid being wound, respecting the safety rules for certain activities and wearing appropriate protection (gloves work)
• Ocular: Avoid rubbing your eyes and wash hands before where it would happen in case of exposure to body fluids, wear protective goggles.
• Sex use a condom to reduce the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.