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A stroke (CVA) is bleeding hemorrhagic (bleeding) that interferes with brain function suddenly. Hemorrhage may occur within the brain or between the brain and skull. Hemorrhagic strokes account for 20% of all strokes and are divided into categories depending on the location and cause of the bleeding:

* Intracerebral hemorrhage: hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel bursts inside the brain. The main risk factors include high blood pressure (hypertension), alcoholism, advanced age and consumption of cocaine or amphetamines. In addition, a stroke that begins with a hemorrhage (thrombotic or embolic stroke) can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage immediately after.

This is common in embolic strokes, in which a body floating in the bloodstream (called emboli) contains bacteria and inflammatory cells, such as when a person is infectious endocarditis. In rare cases, intracerebral hemorrhage may occur due to an arteriovenous malformation filter, which is a blood vessel walls and weak hybrid between an artery and a vein. This weak blood vessel is present at birth.

* Subarachnoid hemorrhage: bleeding from a damaged blood vessel causes blood to accumulate in the brain’s surface. Blood fills a portion of space between the brain and the skull and mixed with cerebrospinal fluid that protects the skull and spinal cord. As blood flows into the spinal fluid, the pressure in the brain, causing immediate headache can interfere with brain function. During the days immediately after the bleeding, chemical irritation from clotted blood around the brain can cause cerebral arteries close in this area suffer a spasm. Arterial spasms can damage brain tissue. Very often, subarachnoid hemorrhage happens because of a ruptured berry aneurysm (a bulge like a sack on the wall of the artery), but can also occur because of a leak by an arteriovenous malformation.

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